12 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... should be based on clinical ... Demyelinating disease caused ... , limb ataxia, gait ... #AIDS #opportunistic
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... parasthesias, gait ... consider IM or IV
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... membrane into the CNS ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... ) - Waddling gait
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm
 • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission
 • Risk factors: BMI,
fatigue despite clinical ... restricted diet/deficiency ... symptoms even if ... /other causes • ... IBD #Algorithm #diagnosis
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... and petechiae Causes ... , GATA2 deficiency ... • Improve the symptoms ... oncology #hematology #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
- Differential Diagnosis ... glycol (present in IV ... Renal failure (uremia ... : - CNS depression ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
malignancy, or thiamine deficiency ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... Nonhypoxic • Type B1 ... effect - Thiamine deficiency ... Ethylene glycol - HIV
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
• Depressive symptoms ... Diagnosis: MRI ... dysfunction like gait ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... of injury • Gait ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... myelopathy - Vit B12 ... #neurology #differential
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
syphilis, and HIV ... ) - Vitamin B12 ... , Copper deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology