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diagnosis hematology algorithm management vitaminb12 classification cobalamin cord hepatology low oncology pancytopenia spinal spinalcord vitamin abnormal acidosis alkaline alp aplastic
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States Fat-soluble Vitamins: • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... E - Haemolytic anaemia ... paraesthesiae • Folate - Anaemia ... - Anaemia, neurological ... #differential #
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Sequestration: • Splenomegaly Marrow Infiltration: • Hematologic and non-hematologic
Causes of Neutropenia ... Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... Myelodysplasia Nutritional ... deficiency: • ... B12/folate/combined
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
Causes of Anemia ... • Pernicious Anemia ... • Pernicious Anemia ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... #Macrocytic #Anemia
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
Pancytopenia - Differential ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis Nutritional ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV) Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic" • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass Fat-Soluble Vitamins: • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Folate - Macrocytic anemia ... • Vitamin B12 ... - Macrocytic anemia ... Minerals: • Iron - Anemia ... cognitive dysfunction, anemia
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... - Differential ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Etiology: • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... autoantibodies (pernicious anemia ... Worsening macrocytic anemia ... wt loss • If anemia ... - CBC, PBS - anemia
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... low #cobalamin #differential
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... Immune Aplastic Anemia ... Clinical Presentation ... and petechiae Causes
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