11 results
Causes of Dementia / Cognitive Impairment - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Affecting Multiple Domains
 • Depression
 • Delirium
Decline
Causes of Dementia ... Cognitive Impairment - Differential ... Subdural Hematoma • B12 ... deficiency • ... #Neurology #Differential
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
workup 1) Clinical ... Whipple, vitamin deficiency ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... - Progressive amnesia ... #Differential #
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... parasthesias, gait ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm
 • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission
 • Risk factors: BMI,
fatigue despite clinical ... Crohn's > UC Anemia ... Receptor (sTfR) to differentiate ... restricted diet/deficiency ... /other causes
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... ) - Waddling gait
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
soles in 50% of cases ... tabes dorsalis, gait ... impairments, and dementia ... similar to those of B12 ... deficiency.
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... malignancy, or thiamine deficiency ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... effect - Thiamine deficiency ... Acidosis #Elevation #Differential
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... , Copper deficiency ... syndromes #lesions #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... of injury • Gait ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... myelopathy - Vit B12 ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Evaluation of Recurrent Falls

Core Concept:
Maintaining an upright posture requires the integrated function of multiple systems.
Disruption in
embolism - Severe anemia ... e.g., diabetic, B12 ... deficiency) ... Examples: - Dementia ... Falls #Diagnosis #Differential