14 results
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... require urgent nephrology ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... creatinine (in 12 ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Syndrome - UTI caused ... hemolysis (G6PD deficiency ... , sickle cell anemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency ... , Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism ... • Inflammatory/AI ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... mineralocorticoid deficiency ... , Post-AKI diuresis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... : • Vit B12 - aka ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... and petechiae Causes ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... #oncology #hematology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Weakness - Dark urine ... + myoglobin AKI ... #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
excretion (e.g., urine ... of lactate as a clinical ... malignancy, or thiamine deficiency ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... effect - Thiamine deficiency