65 results
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Dietary Deficiency ... - Low Serum B12 ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #differential #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Diagnostic Framework ... Approach - MCV) Low ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #causes #hematology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Erythropoiesis (B12 ... in pernicious anemia ... • Refeeding syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Clinical Findings ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... Encephalopathy Treatment ... #neurology #diagnosis
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency ... #neurology #nutrition
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... #diagnosis #comparison ... #neurology
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... Check for IF ab Treatment ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... • Enzyme deficiency ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology