53 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Volume (MCV) - Differential ... • Dietary Deficiency ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... • Liver Disease
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... : • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
chronic kidney disease ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Alcohol use, Liver disease ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... morphologic #mcv #differential
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
of Low Vitamin B12 ... Levels Low vitamin B12 ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... , coeliac disease ... low #cobalamin #differential
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Diagnosis and Management ... treatment can improve symptoms ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency ... #neurology #nutrition
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Clinical Findings ... initial phase of the disease ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... #neurology #diagnosis
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm
 • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission
 • Risk factors: BMI,
fatigue despite clinical ... Receptor (sTfR) to differentiate ... restricted diet/deficiency ... symptoms even if ... fatigue despite disease
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... • Improve the symptoms ... hematology #diagnosis #management
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency ... , Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... Peripheral #Neuropathy #differential ... diagnosis #causes #neurology