72 results
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
Algorithm - Iron deficiency ... chronic kidney disease ... - Vitamin B12 ... Probable bone marrow disorder ... Underproduction #Algorithm #hematology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
• Dietary Deficiency ... • Small Bowel Disorder ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... - Coagulation disorder ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency ... disease anemia ... Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Unstable hemoglobin disorders ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
B12/Folate ... Deficiency • Aplastic ... of Chronic Disease ... • RBC Membrane Disorder ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
chronic kidney disease ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Alcohol use, Liver disease ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
: • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Nail Disorders secondary ... Spoon-shaped • Iron deficiency ... anemia Onycholysis ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Systemic #Secondary #dermatology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
- Hemolytic anemia ... Kasabach-Merritt syndrome ... necrosis) • VIT K deficiency ... Gardner-Diamond syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) - HELLP syndrome ... lymphoproliferative disorders ... G6PD deficiency) ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia