13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis (B12 ... in pernicious anemia ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... investigations depending on clinical ... #Workup #Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
hypomagnesemia), Eating disorders ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... megaloblastic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... require urgent nephrology ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
: • Vit B12 - aka ... autoantibodies (pernicious anemia ... Worsening macrocytic anemia ... wt loss • If anemia ... - CBC, PBS - anemia
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - Overview
Types of CRRT
 • CVVHD - Continuous Veno-Venous hemodialysis -
Continuous Renal ... electrolytes (essentially hyperkalemia ... refractory) U: uremia ... Indications: • AKI ... #Indications #Nephrology
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary
Indications (AIEOU):
 • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
derangements (hyperkalemia ... U: Symptomatic Uremia ... Corrects uremia, ... Gently corrects uremia ... RRT #managment #nephrology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... : - Renal failure
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... failure (uremia ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... #AcidBase #disorders ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
of lactate as a clinical ... malignancy, or thiamine deficiency ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... effect - Thiamine deficiency