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diagnosis differential hematology management algorithm classification disorders macrocytosis oncology spinal spinalcord syndromes vitamin vitaminb12 weakness aafp abg acid acidbase acidosis
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
Causes of Anemia ... • Drugs Oval Macrocytes ... • Dietary Deficiency ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV) Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic" • Iron deficiency
" • Iron deficiency ... MCV - >96fL - "Macrocytic ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.) Physicians
evaluation of macrocytic ... the most likely cause ... recovery also causes ... of the initial work-up ... deficiency.
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States Fat-soluble Vitamins: • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass Fat-Soluble Vitamins: • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
• Thiamine - Nausea ... ataxia), Korsakoff syndrome ... cardiomyopathy) • Folate - Macrocytic ... B12 - Macrocytic ... Bypass #vitamin #nutrition
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... result in permanent neurologic ... HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... , Copper deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Etiology: • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... : • Worsening macrocytic ... diagnosis #management #nutrition
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
a syndrome identical ... of the spinal cord ... deficiency. ... The classic clinical ... of pernicious anemia
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
• Metabolic / Nutritional ... : DiabetesB12 deficiency ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Weakness • Spinal Cord ... heavy metals), Critical ... : Acid maltase deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
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