252 results
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... wt loss • If anemia ... to manifest its symptoms ... , alcohol use, symptoms ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm
 • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission
 • Risk factors: BMI,
, Anemia • Prevalence ... Crohn's > UC Anemia ... (B12, MMA) for ... restricted diet/deficiency ... symptoms even if
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
hypothyroidism • Zinc deficiency ... • Vitamin C deficiency ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... mineralization Symptoms
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age 70 years Symptoms ... • Aplastic Anemia ... Nutritional: vitamin B12 ... or folic acid deficiency ... treatments • Copper deficiency
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... • Thiamine B1 ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
Anemia - Underproduction ... Algorithm - Iron deficiency ... anemia - Anemia ... disease - Vitamin B12 ... and/or folate deficiency
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin B12 ... Deficiency - Cobalamin ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... pylori infection, B12 ... #Deficiency #Cobalamin
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia ... inflammation) • Iron deficiency ... Sideroblastic anemia ... Megaloblastic: Folate deficiency ... , B12 deficiency
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency ... Thalassemia, Iron deficiency ... Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... or Folate deficiency ... Cell RBC: G6PD deficiency
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... 80 fL) • Iron Deficiency ... (>100 fL) • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Folate Deficiency