38 results
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... , Medications Intra-Renal ... , Infection, Autoimmune ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Pharmacological Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Midodrine - Alpha agonist incr blood pressure incr renal perfusion pressure
Alpha agonist incr blood ... pressure incr renal ... #Nephrology #Management ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Treatment
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... deposits - Post-infectious ... Hematuria: • Infection ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis (B12 ... injections in pernicious ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... Renal Losses
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
: Secondary to infections ... Prostate cancer • Medications ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... diagnosis #kidney #blood ... #urine #management
Priapism 

Secondary Causes:
Medications- intracavernosal injections, anticoagulants, PDE5 inhibitors, alpha blockers, methylphenidate, cocaine
Any hyperviscosity syndrome (SCD, leukemia,
Secondary Causes ... : Medications- ... intracavernosal injections ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... Priapism #Diagnosis #Management
Hydroxychloroquine Serum Measurement in SLE
 • Terminal elimination half-life = 40 days ([HCQI reflects long-term intake)
200ng/mL Best indications ... Insufficient blood ... (e.g. renal failure ... #rheumatology #pharmacology ... levels #lupus #management
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... Urinary tract infections ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Causes of acute ... Parasitic infections ... Medications 7. ... leukocytes and occult blood ... Chronic #Diarrhea #management
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
heart failure, neurologic ... hypertension (blood ... Renal parenchymal ... Neurologic disorders ... Differential #Diagnosis #indications