22 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... investigations depending on clinical ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... imaging #Acute #Kidney
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Syndrome Chronic ... #Bag #Syndrome ... pathophysiology #clinical ... #photo #differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Aldosterone: Cushing syndrome ... 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, Syndrome ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... deficiency, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
Urine Specific Gravity ... 1.010: • Advanced kidney ... Dehydration • SIADH (syndrome ... Interpretation #diagnosis #differential ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Kidney ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Prevalence up to 12% ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... Renal #Transplant #differential ... #diagnosis #kidney ... #blood #urine #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... ↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... broad - Advanced kidney ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Urinary #Casts #Differential
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Guillain-Barre syndrome ... heavy metals), Critical ... Lambert Eaton Syndrome ... Weakness #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... Brown-Séquard Syndrome ... Posterior Cord Syndrome ... Central Cord Syndrome ... (Ventral) Cord Syndrome