29 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... #signs #symptoms
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... Brudzinski's sign ... Passive neck flexion causes ... despite severe disease ... #Pediatrics #Peds
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Meniere's Disease ... symptoms/signs, ... Infection • Meningitis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... of glomerular disease ... Renal Causes ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Infection (e.g., meningitis ... renal disease, ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... hypertension and signs ... bruit or signs ... Hypothyroidism, Primary ... disease: CKD, acute
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
skin thickening Signs ... Hepatic: PBC (primary ... #rheumatology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #testing #workup
Biphasic Illness of Leptospirosis
Some patients do not progress to severe disease. Others, rapidly develop severe disease
rash • Others: nausea ... ): • Aseptic meningitis ... (renal + hepatic ... Biphasic #Phases #Diagnosis ... #Illness #Signs
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... failure PBC Signs ... but elevated as disease ... #workup #hepatology