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Antiarrhythmic Medications - Vaughan Williams Classification - Summary Table
Class I agents - Sodium Channel Blockers⠀
Class II
Class I agents ... ⠀ Class II agents ... class are beta ... blockers.⠀ Class ... Class IV agents
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... • AV block ... side effect (e.g. αblockers ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #Causes
Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
and Management Algorithm ... sick sinus, AV block ... Hypothyroidism - TOX: beta-blockers ... LIFE THREATENING CAUSES ... TREATMENT - Drugs (beta-blockers
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
: • MOA: Block ... 2 - Beta Blockers ... : • MOA: Block ... : • MOA: Block ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis
The percentage of syncopal events secondary to arrhythmias or structural disease is generally
Syncope - Differential ... percentage of syncopal ... events secondary ... Sick sinus, AV block ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
: • MOA: Block ... 2 - Beta Blockers ... : • MOA: Block ... : • MOA: Block ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
nodal blocking agents ... surgery • Heart block ... Medications: • Beta ... Spondylarthropathies Other causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Syncope - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... /3rd degree AV Block ... Tachy-Brady Syndrome #Syncope ... #causes
Causes of Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac - Arrhythmia:
 • Tachyarrhythmia
 • Bradyarrhythmia
 • Supraventricular Tachycardia
Causes of Syncope ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Atrioventricular Block ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Beta-Adrenergic ... noncardioselective agents ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes