2895 results
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action of Bile ... Sequestrants Bile ... Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile ... Pool → ↑ Hepatic Bile ... #pharmacology #bileacid
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are the
Bile acids are the ... major primary bile ... secretion into bile ... 200 to 600 mg bile ... , #bileacids, #bilirubun
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
disease US — Normal Bile ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
genes coding for bile ... cholestasis, and some cases ... miscellaneous causes ... external pressure on bile ... #differential #causes
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Biliary tree or bile ... abnormality vs bone Bili
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
small intralobular bile ... of intralobular bile ... ducts causes cholestasis ... of interlobular bile ... related disease, Bile
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Algorithm Vascular Causes ... ALP - Surface of bile ... - Cholestasis/Bile ... Unconjugated Bili ... > 90% of Total Bili
What the Color of Urine Can Tell You - Differential Diagnosis by Urine Color
Clear: excess water
Pale
dehydrated, liver/bile ... differential #diagnosis #causes