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Basic Transthoracic Echocardiography Cardiac Views: PLAX, PSAX, Apical, Subcostal

- Dr. Jonny Wilkinson
@Wilkinsonjonny

#Anatomy #POCUS #Cardiac #TTE #Echocardiogram
Echocardiography Cardiac ... Views: PLAX, PSAX ... Wilkinsonjonny #Anatomy ... #POCUS #Cardiac ... Orientations #Atlas #Map
POCUS Echocardiography - Table of Cardiac Views and Windows
 • Parastemal Long-Axis View (PLAX)
 • Parasternal
Echocardiography - Table of Cardiac ... Long Axis • PSAX ... Flow Doppler #Anatomy ... #POCUS #Cardiac ... Orientations #Atlas #Map
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
May present as: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort
Cardiac Causes:
 - Structural
Diagnosis Algorithm May ... chest discomfort Cardiac ... Electrical Conduction Abnormalities ... previous MI) Non-Cardiac
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Intraoperative Cardiac ... Other haemodynamic abnormalities ... regional wall motion abnormalities ... conscious, symptoms may ... Treat electrolyte abnormalities
Adult-Onset Still's Disease
Clinical triad: Fever, Arthralgia/arthritis, Skin rash ± odynophagia
+ Biological inflammation: Increased neutrophils, Hyperferritinemia, decreased
Complications: MAS ... , DIC, TMA • Cardiac ... pericarditis, rhythm abnormalities ... , conduction abnormalities
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
of structural abnormalities ... treatment options that may ... Treatments may include ... : cardiac resynchronization
Shock - Diagnosis and Management Summary
 • Hypotension: SBP<90, SBP drop >40, MAP<65 (Normotension, HTN possible
SBP drop >40, MAP ... dilated IVC - Cardiac ... elevated JVP, echo abnormalities ... Cardiac surgery?
Congenital Long QT Syndrome: Illness Script

Who?
 - Kids or young adults, usually < 30
 - high
like episodes (may ... misdiagnosed) - Sudden cardiac ... others • May ... or may not have ... Treat electrolyte abnormalities
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
metabolic changes and may ... thiamine) Late: • Cardiac ... of electrolyte abnormalities ... if electrolyte abnormalities
WOBBLER  for ECG assessment in Syncope 
W - Wolff Parkinson White 
O - Obstructed AV
abnormality So WOBBLER may ... important and rare abnormalities ... associated with sudden cardiac ... hypothermia and may ... with other T wave abnormalities