34 results
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action of Bile ... Sequestrants Bile ... Pool → ↑ Hepatic Bile ... Plasma LDL-C #biliary ... sequestration #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... gradual loss of bile ... inflammation and biliary ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • US - Normal Bile ... • US - Dilated Bile ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Transaminitis #Algorithm
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... of intralobular bile ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary #Biliary
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drugs - Primary biliary ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm

IBS-Constipation:
 • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives
 • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics

IBS-Diarrhea:
 • Diarrhea:
IBS) Treatment Algorithm ... Diarrhea: Loperamide, Bile ... IBS #Treatment #Management ... #Algorithm #gastroenterology
Bronchiectasis: diagnosis and management 

Causes of localized -> diffuse bronchiectasis
Foreign body, Bronchial stenosis (tumor, .. ),
diagnosis and management ... fibrosis, primary ciliary ... Bronchiectasis #diagnosis #management ... Differential #workup #algorithm
Indications for ERCP
1. Biliary Tract Diseases:
 • Biliary obstruction: Choledocholithiasis, Malignant biliary strictures, Benign biliary strictures
Biliary Tract Diseases ... : • Biliary obstruction ... strictures, Benign biliary ... Oddi manometry • Bile ... #Indications #management
Toxic alcohols - Methanol and Ethanol - Pathophysiology + Management Algorithm

By Loran Hatch, DO

#Toxic #alcohols #Methanol
and Ethanol - Pathophysiology ... + Management Algorithm ... Methanol #Ethanol #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Algorithm