20 results
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drugs - Primary biliary ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
the liver ALP - Biliary ... tree or bile flow ... Transaminase >> Alkaline ... Cholestatic Pattern - Alkaline
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... PBC Labs: • Alkaline ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary #Biliary
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action of Bile ... Sequestrants Bile ... Pool → ↑ Hepatic Bile ... Plasma LDL-C #biliary ... sequestration #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... gradual loss of bile ... inflammation and biliary ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline ... within liver Alkaline ... stimulated by bile ... bilirubin into bile ... Bilirubin #Hepatology #Pathophysiology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Amyloidosis - Workup and Diagnostic Algorithm
 • Serum Immunofixation and Serum Free Light Chains
 • Biopsy
and Diagnostic Algorithm ... Biopsy Surrogate Site ... • CBC, CMP, alkaline ... Workup #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • US - Normal Bile ... • US - Dilated Bile ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Transaminitis #Algorithm
Common Bile Duct Stone on POCUS

Here’s a similar case in a 70yo F with a remote
Common Bile Duct ... Stone on POCUS ... This time on pocus ... Choledocholithiasis #POCUS ... clinical #ultrasound #biliary