11 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Non-glomerular bleeding ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Algorithm • Confirm ... repeat testing • Acute ... of glomerular bleeding ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria + clots ➔ Lower ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Hemophilia - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis:
 • Consistent bleeding history (unless screening for disease in family members
and Management ... normal in mild cases ... severity Treatment - Acute ... Chronic Management ... Avoid meds that
Esophageal Variceal Bleeding - Scoping Summary
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT (VARICEAL-B):
V - Vasoconstrictor therapy: (Octreotide 50mcg bolus
acquired/vasoactive meds ... TEG -> dec. in blood ... not initiate in acute ... Summary #Endoscopy #diagnosis ... #management #algorithm
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... cells/high-power ... cell/white cell casts ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Occult and Lower Gastronintestinal Bleed - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Occult (Stool + Occult blood and/or iron deficiency
Occult and Lower ... Algorithm Occult ... Stool + Occult blood ... Diverticular bleed, • Acute ... #Algorithm #Causes
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... elevated white blood ... the underlying cause ... BP lowering - Lower ... #management #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Syndrome (GBS) Acute ... Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... bulbar muscles DIAGNOSIS ... normal CSF white blood ... #management #neurology