14 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Non-glomerular bleeding ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... disorders or excreted ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
of glomerular bleeding ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
- Differential ... Diagnosis and Workup ... - History of bleeding ... plateletcount), peripheral blood ... PLT in selected cases
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts ... #Differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Blood Gas Interpretation ... Steps for Blood ... #AcidBase #disorders ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... Neurologic disorders ... #causes #Differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... UA positive for blood ... Cast formation: ... #treatment #nephrology