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diagnosis algorithm management treatment aki alkalosis blood hematuria hypokalemia microscopy renal rhabdomyolysis urinary urology acidosis anemia aniongap atlas cancer chloride
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... repeat testing • Acute ... of glomerular bleeding ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Non-glomerular bleeding ... • White cell casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... Exercise induced bleeding ... #urology #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Renal failure (acute ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
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