14 results
Chronic Abdominal Pain Causes - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Many patients with chronic abdominal pain have had prior
• Budd-Chiari syndrome ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... porphyria • Hypercalcemia ... artery compression syndrome ... #Diagnosis #gastroenterology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
109 mm Hg) with clinical ... , Cushing's syndrome ... : CKD, acute glomerulonephritis ... White-coat syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Addison’s disease ... #causes #potassium
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
for workup, including ... Rebound effect from treatment ... , Celiac disease ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... • Infections: Chronic
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Hyperosmolar states ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Addison’s disease ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... • Diagnosis of ... and nephrotic syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... • Liddle syndrome
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... Syndrome, characterized ... syndrome by 24 ... Paraneoplastic syndrome ... Encephalopathy #Syndrome
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... correction of chronic ... demyelination syndrome ... vaptans (HF/liver disease
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... antiphospholipid syndrome