cbd pocus ultrasound differential causes nephrology syndrome hypokalemia low diagnosis secondary classification hypomagnesemia acidosis high potassium alkalosis

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Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake
- Starvation
- Anorexia
GI Losses
- Vomiting / NG

Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis #Low # ... Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes

Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
• Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
• Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract

Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology

Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K

Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium

Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
• High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
• High Al, High

Hypokalemia Differential ... Al, High R - Secondary ... Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium

Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked

urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology

Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
• Kidney loss of Cl-

• Normal/low ... , Hypomagnesemia ... the indicated causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis

Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
- Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic

Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology

Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome

• Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology

Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
• Lab error
• Traumatic venipuncture
• Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
•

Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology

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