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Spindle Cell Cardiac Sarcoma on Echocardiogram - Apical 4 Chamber View

by Dr. James Nadel @jimmy_nardel

#SpindleCell #Cardiac
Spindle Cell Cardiac ... Sarcoma on Echocardiogram ... Sarcoma #Atrial #Echocardiogram ... #clinical #cardiology ... #echocardiogram
Myocarditis
Diagnosis 
• Endomyocardial biopsy (gold standard, rarely performed) 
• Clinical presentation 
• Cardiovascular MRI 
Clinical 
•
performed) • Clinical ... Cardiovascular MRI Clinical ... Abnormal ECG, echocardiogram ... • IVIG (Giant cell
Diagnostic approach to the admitted patient with possible COVID-19

Initial evaluation
- Chest X-ray
- Lung ultrasound (thorough "lawn-mower"
with differential cell ... diagnostics as clinically ... indicated (e.g. echocardiogram ... Internet Book of Critical
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
Clinical suspicion ... Amyloidosis Clinical ... Monoclonal B Cell ... part of plasma-cell ... Testing: • EKG • Echocardiogram
Cellular and humoral immune responses of the adaptive immune system. Activated T cells accomplish cellular immune
Activated T cells ... responses, and B cells ... antigen activates B cells ... binding to the B-cell ... binding to the T-cell
Schistocytes can assume a shape resembling natural or man-made objects such as arrowheads, fish, collar buttons,
point to helmet cells ... are a teardrop cell ... , 2 blister cells ... ), and 2 burr cells ... #Clinical #Path
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Ag-presenting cells ... CD4+ helper T cells ... or plasma cells ... ) • Plasma cells
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
antibodies bind to mast cells ... activation and cell ... with cytotoxic T cells ... natural killer cells ... - Red blood cell
Inflammatory mechanism of asthma. 
Airway epithelial cells exposed to activation stimuli, including allergens, viruses, and irritants,
Airway epithelial cells ... promote dendritic cell ... These T cells then ... induce B-cell class ... induce goblet cell
Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Continued Innate Immunity
 • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Natural Killer Cells ... • Humoral: (B cell ... : (T cell response ... and cytotoxic cell