9 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in one cell ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Bell's Phenomenon on Physical Exam

Carles Bell realized that when trying to close the eye on the
neurologiabr #Bells ... #Phenomenon #Sign ... #PhysicalExam #ophthalmology ... #neurology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
pathway -> Incr cell ... activates lipolysis Signs ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
-> Endothelial cell ... lymphoma, sickle cell ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva -> Goblet cell ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
diffusion of K+ out of cells ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Microglial cells ... are the immune cells ... between nerve cells ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... • Bilateral signs ... Pleocytosis > 100 cells ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
- Anechoic on ultrasound ... Well-demarcated on ultrasound ... Carcinoma - No signs ... infection - Renal Cell ... Cystic #RenalMass #Nephrology