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Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Diagnosis and Management ... Redistribution: Acidosis, Cell ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Drives K+ into cells
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
urinalysis, labs - Management ... Glomerular (red blood cells ... eosinophils/white blood cell ... (renal tubular cell ... renal biopsy - Management
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Summary table of ... Allergen-specific lgE causes ... mast-cell degranulation ... T-cells recruit ... types #allergy #table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... - Increased Cell ... imports K+ into cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
hypereosinophilia (HE) Caused ... cytokines Common causes ... disease Rare causes ... : - B or T cell ... CD3-CD4+ T cells
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
antibodies bind to mast cells ... activation and cell ... natural killer cells ... - Red blood cell ... Diagnosis #Reactions #Table
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Epithelial cells ... Renal tubular cells ... Dysmorphic red cells ... casts - Diagnostic ... • Hyaline casts
Consolidation is synonymous with airspace disease.
When you think of the causes of consolidation, think of 'what
you think of the causes ... blood or tumor cells ... (Table on the left ... the alveoli and cause
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
is entirely T-Cell ... exposure to allergen causes ... allergen-specific T-Cell ... exposure, because T-Cell ... harmful -> Th Cells
Graft-Verus-Host Disease (GVHD) - Quick Reference Sheet
Multisystem disorder that is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic
hematopoietic cell ... occurs when immune cells ... reaction that causes ... Diagnosis #Overview #Management