13 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... casts - Renal infection ... • Hyaline casts ... - Any type of renal ... disease • Granular casts
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Summary table of ... Allergen-specific lgE causes ... #allergy #table ... #classification ... #comparison
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Necrosis (Epithelial cell ... casts) • Ischemia ... Obstruction • Cast ... polyangiitis /microscopic
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
casts - Absent ... +++ Red blood cell ... casts - Present ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
and 2, but not type ... Alkalosis - Marked cell ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... age • 22 and 45 cases ... skin that are caused ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope
Angioedema - Classification Diagnosis and Treatment
Types of Angioedema:
 • Acute allergic angioedema - Usually occurs with
Angioedema - Classification ... and Treatment Types ... in > 90% of cases ... is key • Mast cell-mediated ... #Types #Diagnosis
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
classified 20 different types ... Microscopic exam ... • Red blood cells ... • Urinary casts ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
Bradyarrhythmias, Some cases ... be used in all types ... Vasopressors #Inotropes #comparison ... #table #pharmacology