14 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... Metabolic acidosis ... - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosisChronic ... • Chronic salicylate ... acidosis due to ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Prophyria #Seizures #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... : • Acute or chronic ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis - Differential ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... potassium #high #nephrology
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... newborn Pulmonary veno-occlusive ... neurofibromatosis, vasculitis Metabolic ... Hypertension #PHTN #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... acute reversal of chronic ... respiratory acidosis ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology