21 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Mixed* - Inherited carbonic ... proximal features and high ... Acidosis #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Venous Ulcer and DVT: Chronic venous insufficiency with additional swelling caused by acute DVT.
There is also
DVT: Chronic venous ... insufficiency with ... additional swelling caused ... Images #Clinical #Photo ... Venous #Insufficiency
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Atonic, Tonic-clonic ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Treat with a high ... Hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Eczematous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Eczematous - Pruritic/Scaly/Erythematous lesions. Usually poorly demarcated
 • Atopic Dermatitis
lichenification (chronic ... Secondary to venous ... insufficiency. ... onset, requires high ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... 0.8 Normal + High ... of High Anion Gap ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 • Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Causes of Chronic ... e.g. sorbitol, high ... • Pancreatic insufficiency ... #Diarrhea #Causes ... #inflammatory #classification
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Negative U net charge High ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... Cell Problem - High ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology