11 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Metabolic acidosis ... /Chronic renal failure ... - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis Causes ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosisChronic ... • Chronic salicylate ... acidosis due to ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... : • Acute or chronic ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
general seizure caused ... Toxic and metabolic ... causes include ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... acute reversal of chronic ... respiratory acidosis ... dehydrogenase activity: Chronic ... #nephrology