11 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... 0.8 Normal + High ... of High Anion Gap ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... of High-anion Gap ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosis • Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... the indicated causes ... acidosis, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... Cell Problem - High ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
general seizure caused ... Toxic and metabolic ... causes include ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... - Diarrhea - High ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Creatinine • Chronic ... ARB • Adrenal insufficiency ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes