13 results
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
When tonic—clonic ... by a toxic or metabolic ... Toxic and metabolic ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Disorders - Blood Gas ... - Differential Diagnosis ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential Diagnosis ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chronic diarrhea ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... to diarrhea, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Workup #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis ... metabolic acidosis ... History of acute or chronic ... Dizziness, Altered, Seizure ... Respiratory Alkalosis, High
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Metabolic Acidosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... Cell Problem - High ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
of Pregnancy Chronic ... • Guidelines as ... RUQ pain, renal insufficiency ... seizure (typically ... so have high clinical