36 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • Acute or chronic ... Hypervolemia, UNa ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Renal insufficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Renal insufficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
or enemas - Treatment ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... , adrenal insufficiency
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... • Anorexia • Chronic
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–independent Renal ... failure, acute or chronic ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal insufficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Adrenal Insufficiency ... Metabolic • Renal ... Liver Failure • Hypercalcemia ... Fatigue Syndrome
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive ... (with renal insufficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Chronic alcoholism ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency ... #neurology #nutrition
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome ... Chronic presentation ... of Thiamine deficiency ... Encephalopathy Treatment ... #neurology #diagnosis