15 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Differential Diagnosis ... - Adrenal insufficiency ... #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Mixed* - Inherited carbonic ... proximal features and high ... Acidosis #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... insufficiency) ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Malabsorption, Chronic ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Intrauterine Growth Restriction / Small for Gestational Age - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Fetal Factors:
 -
- Differential Diagnosis ... insufficiency ... Pre-eclampsia • Renal ... anemia • High ... • Folic acid
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... #Medications #Table
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Renal insufficiency ... - Diarrhea - High ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Workup #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
diuresis can be high ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal Insufficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... insufficiency/Failure ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology