18 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Inhibitors - Chronic ... Primary adrenal insufficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
- Differential Diagnosis ... Syndrome • Chronic ... • Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive ... Disease #RHF ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Low EABV (e.g., CHF ... Creatinine • Chronic ... ARB • Adrenal insufficiency ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Clinical ... Manifestations Causes ... processed grains - Chronic ... PVR and increase venous
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... elevated jugular venous ... *Chronic HFrEF may ... un lymphatic Diagnostic ... #heartfailure #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Increased pulmonary venous pressure is related to the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and can be
Increased pulmonary venous ... the chest film (Table ... In daily clinical ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CHF #CXR #Stages
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
brain PRES Clinical ... leukoencephalopathy, Cerebral venous ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause ... #management #neurology
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the result of insufficient output because of cardiac failure, high resistance
the result of insufficient ... increased pulmonary venous ... pulmonary disease and causes ... increased systemic venous ... #Diagnosis #Radiology