12 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Inhibitors - Chronic ... Primary adrenal insufficiency ... Renin, Normal or High ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Chronic progressive ... (with renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Normal Jugular venous ... Raised Jugular venous ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Creatinine • Chronic ... ARB • Adrenal insufficiency ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
calcification versus ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Phosphate #Binders #Table ... #Comparison #Pharmacology ... #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... - Diarrhea - High ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
diuresis can be high ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal Insufficiency ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... 0.8 Normal + High ... of High Anion Gap ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology