194 results
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... disease, myelopathy, cranial ... nerve neuropathy ... • Peripheral nervous ... Rheumatology #Diagnosis #Management
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... epileptic seizure, cranial ... (pain): 5-10%, nervous ... • Heerfordt syndrome ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Management
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
myringitis • Cranial ... Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... Temporomandibular joint syndrome ... syndrome • Dental ... osteomyelitis • Tumor Cranial
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
examination: ○ Cranial ... nerves - tumors ... nerves V and VII ... cause unknown) ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... nerve in the radial ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... in the median nerve ... axillary nerve
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)

This 81 yo male was referred to our
Orbital Apex Syndrome ... other potential causes ... Orbital Apex Syndrome ... fissure and optic canal ... Orbital #Apex #Syndrome
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
a mass as the cause ... Nerve VI problem ... Nerve Ill - Eye ... Nerve IV - Eye ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - Herpes Zoster Oticus 
Triad:
1. Ipsilateral facial paralysis 
2. Ear pain 
3. Vesicles
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome ... - Herpes Zoster ... in the auditory canal ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... • Stroke syndromes
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo
Peripheral Causes (Common):
 - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
Peripheral and Central Causes ... Vertigo Peripheral Causes ... - Vestibular Nerve ... Vestibulocochlear Nerve ... Wallenberg syndrome
Dizziness - Central and Peripheral Causes - Differential Diagnosis
Central Causes:
 • Cerebrovascular:  vertebrobasilar, TIA, Wallenburg,
Neuronitis • Herpes ... oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... • Semicircular canal ... dehiscence syndrome ... • Cogan's syndrome