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diagnosis differential neurology algorithm clinical rheumatology pharmacology physicalexam gastroenterology video hematology ophthalmology cardiology criticalcare infectiousdiseases msk nephrology pathophysiology dermatology orthopedics
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview Epidemiology: • F > M: 9:1 • 5-6th Decades (can be any age) Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... disease, myelopathy, cranial ... nerve neuropathy ... Adenocarcinoma Treatment ... Rheumatology #Diagnosis #Management
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Primary Otalgia - Pain that originates from the ear
myringitis • Cranial ... Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... Temporomandibular joint syndrome ... infections Cranial ... syndrome • Dental
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework Hearing Loss Types: • Conductive • Sensorineural • Mixed Presbycusis is the most common type
stroke may affect cranial ... nerves V and VII ... ear or auditory nerve ... cause unknown) ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) This 81 yo male was referred to our
Orbital Apex Syndrome ... other potential causes ... fissure and optic canal ... receive proper treatment ... is no mainstay treatment
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 Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Motor Function Shoulder: • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary) • Adduction - C6, C7,
hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... nerve in the radial ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... in the median nerve ... axillary nerve
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome What? • Unilateral orbital/retrobulbar pain • Paresis of the cranial nerves Ill, IV, VI •
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ... Paresis of the cranial ... nerves Ill, IV, ... or orbit (MRI) Treatment ... #Tolosa #Hunt #Syndrome
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical Pearls: • Diplopia is almost always binocular. •
a mass as the cause ... Nerve VI problem ... Nerve Ill - Eye ... Nerve IV - Eye ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo Peripheral Causes (Common): - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
Peripheral and Central Causes ... Vertigo Peripheral Causes ... - Vestibular Nerve ... Vestibulocochlear Nerve ... Wallenberg syndrome
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - Herpes Zoster Oticus Triad: 1. Ipsilateral facial paralysis 2. Ear pain 3. Vesicles
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome ... - Herpes Zoster ... in the auditory canal ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... • Stroke syndromes
Dizziness - Central and Peripheral Causes - Differential Diagnosis Central Causes: • Cerebrovascular: vertebrobasilar, TIA, Wallenburg,
Neuronitis • Herpes ... oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... • Semicircular canal ... dehiscence syndrome ... • Cogan's syndrome
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