10 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
RPGN has three primary ... pathophysiologic ... With associated pulmonary ... diagnosis #algorithm #rheumatology
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
Hepatic: PBC (primary ... calcinosis • Pulmonary ... disease), PAH (pulmonary ... Scleroderma #SSc #rheumatology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... , and CXR with pulmonary ... Transfusion #Reactions #hematology
Cryofibrinogenemia Summary

Cryofibrinogenemia Epidemiology:
 • 40-70 years with a modest female predominance

Cryofibrinogenemia:
 • The precipitation of a
Cryofibrinogenemia Symptoms ... Primary (essential ... thrombophlebitis, pulmonary ... Cryofibrinogenemia #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #hematology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
context of other symptoms ... Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary ... , Interstitial Pulmonary ... ANA #patterns #rheumatology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... with GCA or as primary ... Rash, arthritis Primary ... • Progressive symptoms ... Differential #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
acute respiratory symptoms ... symptomsRheumatologic ... gastrointestinal 4) Primary ... : • Primary pulmonary ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology