17 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... : 33% • Treatment ... , and CXR with pulmonary ... : No • Treatment
Bipolar Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Disruption of emotional homeostasis
 • Oscillation between mood states
normal mood - Primary ... treatment goal ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
UTIs, indwelling urinary ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... frequency, urinary ... Pathophysiology: ... data • Early treatment
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
• Insomnia Primary ... ↑ AST/ALT • Treatment ... tenderness Treatment ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
adenomas that require treatment ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... Lung abscess Primary ... : Symptomatic Primary ... Tuberculosis Treatment ... Initiating Treatment
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
overload) Other Symptoms ... deficiency • Primary ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Triggers: ATRA treatment ... Pathophysiology ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... Renal Failure Treatment