56 results
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Sarcoidosis Non-caseating ... polyarthritis • Pulmonary ... exertion • Neurologic ... #Diagnosis #Symptoms ... #Signs #Pulmonary
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... are not caused ... patients have no symptoms ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... Pulmonary and
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
• Myocarditis Pulmonary ... Vascular • Pulmonary ... present) • Pulmonary ... Neoplasm • Sarcoidosis ... • Trauma - Neurologic
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
10,000 ft) • Symptoms ... • Symptoms: Hypoxemic ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Pathophysiology
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Exposure-Related ILD (a.k.a. extrinsic allergic alveolitis): 
 • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Farmer's lung, Bird
ILD caused by inhalation ... • Idiopathic pulmonary ... interstitial pneumonia (AIP ... Other ILDs: • Sarcoidosis ... #causes
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
of Pregnancy (AFLP ... ) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... = nonspecific (nausea ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... of active pulmonary ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... should be done in ALL ... for concomitant pulmonary
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... obstruction • ALP ... viral infections, Sarcoidosis
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... composite endpoint of all-cause