13 results
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
• India ink - "Negative ... polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus ... detection for cryptococcal ... mucopolysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus ... fungus #comparison #table
Causes of Culture Negative Abscess - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Consider prior antibiotics as a cause of a
Abscess - Differential ... culture Brain: ... : Aspergillus, Cryptococcus ... nocardia - Fungal: Cryptococcus ... Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcus
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
histoplasmosis, cryptococcus ... Syphilis • Pyogenic Abscess ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis ... Summary Lung Abscess ... antibiotics once stable ... shows a small, stable ... Dermatitidis - Cryptococcus
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
Frequent false-negative ... valves • MRI brain ... common, Aortic root abscess ... often seen • MRI brain ... Marantic #diagnosis #table
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Coagulase-negative ... Aspergillus • Cryptococcus ... suggests perivalvular abscess ... annular or aortic abscess ... Complications: Abscess
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
Fluconazole CRYPTOCOCCUS ... level, presence of cryptococcal ... CSF and serum Cryptococcal ... • Sinusitis • Brain ... abscess • Disseminated
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Assess functional ... status - Able ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Stable patients ... no echo in the last
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
aureus, Coagulase-negative ... staphylococci Culture Negative ... Aspergillus • Cryptococcus ... annular or aortic abscess ... Complications: Abscess
List of Zoonotic Diseases

Armadillos - Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis), Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)
Bamboo rats - Talaromyces marneffei (formerly
List of Zoonotic ... (droppings) - Cryptococcus ... InfectiousDiseases #table ... #list