22 results
Initiation of ART in HIV patients with Opportunistic Infections
 • Pulmonary TB and CD4 cell count
Infections • Pulmonary ... count <50 • Pulmonary ... count >50 • CNS ... regardless of CD4 • Cryptococcal
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... + toxo IgG • CNS ... 30% present w/ CNS ... histoplasmosis, cryptococcus ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Multiple Cranial Neuropathies - High Yield Differential Diagnosis
 • Intrinsic brainstem process
 • Compressive brainstem process
Neurosarcoidosis • CNS ... VZV, syphilis, cryptococcus ... rarely botulism) Casey ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused ... culture positive Cryptococcal ... lesions • CSF cryptococcal
Radiographic appearances of pulmonary diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients
 • Diffuse Interstitial Infiltrates: Pneumocystis jirovecii, M.tuberculosis, Histoplasma
appearances of pulmonary ... Coccidioides spp., Cryptococcus ... Drug toxicity, Pulmonary ... Metastatic disease, Pulmonary ... complex • Nodular/Masses
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Artery Disease • Stable ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Infarction • Stable ... • Myocarditis Pulmonary ... Vascular • Pulmonary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... Pulmonary Diseases ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
the lung) - CNS ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
Fluconazole CRYPTOCOCCUS ... especially the CNS ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... level, presence of cryptococcal ... CSF and serum Cryptococcal