11 results
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Disorders - Evaluation ... the chronicity (acute ... , chronic, or acute ... #Disorders #Evaluation ... #workup #Differential
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Acid Base and Blood ... • Hypoxemia • Pain ... Alkalosis - “BLVD ... Vomiting D - Diarrhea ... nickmmark #acidbase #workup
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Acute or chronic ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Hyperventilation (Anxiety, pain ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... resp. alkalosis ... Denosumab, Estrogen based ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Refeeding Syndrome, Acute ... Respiratory Alkalosis ... inhibitor, Estrogen based ... #phosphorus #workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Laxative use • Diarrhea ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology