9 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar spine • MCC ... sequestration • Saddle ... - Emergency Causes ... #causes #neurology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Conditions: • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome ... pain, sciatica, saddle ... Commonly caused ... #neurology #sensory
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... Impotence - Saddle ... involvement Cauda ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Orthopedic Essentials - Spinal Trauma and Spine Classification 
DENIS THREE COLUMN CONCEPT
Anterior column:
annulus fibrosus Middle ... fractures: Don't cause ... spinal deformity or neurologic ... injury 3 Cauda ... #Orthopedics #diagnosis
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
- Differential Diagnosis ... The evaluation should ... include a: • Neurologic ... cause unknown) ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
BCNIE relies on evaluation ... but important causes ... BCNIE Diagnostic ... factors: - Serology ... antiphospholipid syndrome
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
- Differential Diagnosis ... affects the skin, neurologic ... rhinitis/sinusitis, saddle ... tract, and often causes ... #Rheumatology
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
first step in evaluation ... changes (POEMS syndrome ... gastric tumors • Hematology ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Exclude other AKI causes ... liver transplant evaluation ... #Hepatorenal #Syndrome ... #Hepatology #Nephrology