22 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
and Evaluation ... 2) Presence of symptoms ... volume status (edema ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs ... /symptoms of HHS ... seizure) #Pathophys #EM ... Endo #DKA #HHS #Ddxof
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... crackles in the right middle ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... #diagnosis #NCPE
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Incontinence • Saddle ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Acute Otitis Media: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings (in Children)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: 
 - Bacterial: Streptococcus
Inflammation & edema ... inflaming the middle ... #OtitisMedia #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs #peds #pediatrics
Kawasaki Disease: Clinical Findings
Diagnostic Criteria - Fever and 4/5 of the following:
 • Conjunctivitis
 • Polymorphous
Clinical Findings Diagnostic ... involvement • Edema ... #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Vasculitis
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
IgA Vasculitis – ... periumbilical region), nausea ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: Strong sign ... • Progressive symptoms ... rhinitis/sinusitis, saddle ... tract, and often causes
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... Livedo Reticularis, Vasculitis ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications