20 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs ... /symptoms of HHS ... #IM #Endo #DKA ... #HHS #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
and Evaluation ... 2) Presence of symptoms ... (HA, nausea, confusion ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Incontinence • Saddle ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
IgA Vasculitis – ... periumbilical region), nausea ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... crackles in the right middle ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: Strong sign ... • Progressive symptoms ... rhinitis/sinusitis, saddle ... tract, and often causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... Approach (when evaluation ... of end-organ damage ... renal bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... of end organ damage ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... Livedo Reticularis, Vasculitis ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications