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Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... of Cauda Equina ... cord infarct • HIV ... Imaging studies: • MRI ... #neurology
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
flags, assess after ... bladder dysfunction, saddle ... age >50, <18, IV ... Radicular Symptoms • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
(Ramsay-Hunt), HIV ... atypical symptoms): MRI ... +gad (stroke, CN7 ... CNS inflammatory cause ... worsening S/Sx after
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... The evaluation should ... include a: • Neurologic ... cause unknown) ... zoster virus ○ HIV
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
syphilis, and HIV ... Anterior spinal artery ... involvement Cauda ... Equina Syndrome ... syndromes #lesions #differential
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Lower roots -> Cauda ... equina- decreased ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... Spinal artery thrombosis ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... immunodeficiency virus (HIV ... nerve roots and cauda ... equina TREATMENT ... diagnosis #management #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... revealed only after ... Imaging: - MRI ... Demyelinating disease caused ... CNS #Infections #differential
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Herpesviruses (MCC: HSV ... encephalitis, eastern equine ... meningovascular (stroke ... regarded as a strong ... #diagnosis #neurology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Superficial temporal artery ... disturbance • Temp. artery ... affects the skin, neurologic ... oligoclonal bands • MRI ... tract, and often causes