4684 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
disease • Thiazide diuretics ... Electrocardiogram #Differential ... Causes #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Syncope - Differential ... ßB, Nitrates, Diuretics ... Syndrome #Syncope #Cardiology ... #Differential #
Causes of Myocarditis
Infectious Etiologies:
 • Viral agents: Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses (coxsackievirus), Herpesviruses (human herpesvirus 6, Epstein—Barr virus),
Cephalosporins, Digoxin, Diuretics ... #Myocarditis #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... criticalcare #treatment #diuretics ... #diuresis #nephrology
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Diuretic Electrolyte ... Excretion Effects Diuresis ... Anhydrase Inhibitor #diuretics
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
Flowchart to diuretic ... Total loop diuretic ... a single loop diuretic ... #Diuretic #Diuresis ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Differential
Loop diuretic PO --> IV conversions 

Furosemide 40 mg PO = Furosemide 20 mg IV =
Loop diuretic PO ... #Pharmacology #Cardiology ... #Loop #Diuretics
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics ... mannitol) 3) Loop diuretic ... Thiazides-type diuretics ... Potassium-sparing diuretics
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance
Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance:
 •
Diuresis in Critical ... Start with LOOP DIURETICS ... , address diuretic ... refractory to diuresis ... @nickmmark #Diuresis