5862 results
Changes in urinary composition induced by Diuretic drugs

#Urine #Effects #Diuretics #Electrolytes #Diagnosis #Calcium #Nephrology
composition induced by Diuretic ... Urine #Effects #Diuretics ... #Electrolytes #Diagnosis
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... mimics thiazide diuretic ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
- Differential Diagnosis ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... disease, Loop Diuretics ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Syndrome • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Ascites - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Paracentesis studies: cell count + differential, albumin, protein, culture
 • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient
Ascites - Diagnosis ... at start Diuretic ... max doses Diuretic ... patients with diuretic ... HershShroff #Ascites #Diagnosis